Diabetic Retinopathy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Explained
Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults. It occurs when prolonged high blood sugar levels damage the small blood vessels in the retina—the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of your eye. Over time, these blood vessels may swell, leak, or close off completely, blocking blood flow and leading to vision loss.
Regular eye checkups and timely treatment are vital to preventing permanent damage. At LJ Eye Institute, expert retina specialists use advanced diagnostic and treatment technologies to preserve and restore vision in patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy.
Causes of Diabetic Retinopathy
The main cause of diabetic retinopathy is uncontrolled diabetes. Constantly high blood sugar levels weaken and damage retinal blood vessels, making them leak fluid or blood. This affects the retina’s ability to process light and causes blurred or distorted vision.
Other contributing factors include:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- High cholesterol levels
- Poor blood sugar management
- Smoking and alcohol use
- Long duration of diabetes (over 10 years)
Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy
In its early stages, diabetic retinopathy may not show any symptoms, which is why regular eye examinations are essential. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Blurred or fluctuating vision
- Dark or empty areas in your field of vision
- Floaters (spots or strings that appear to drift in your vision)
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Sudden and complete vision loss in advanced stages
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a retina specialist immediately.
Types of Diabetic Retinopathy
- Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR): The early stage, where blood vessels leak small amounts of fluid or blood, causing the retina to swell (macular edema).
- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR): The advanced stage, where new abnormal blood vessels grow on the retina’s surface. These vessels can bleed into the vitreous, leading to severe vision loss or retinal detachment.
Diagnosis
Early detection is key. Eye specialists use the following methods for diagnosis:
- Dilated Eye Examination: To check for changes in retinal blood vessels.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Provides detailed images of retinal thickness and swelling.
- Fluorescein Angiography: Highlights leaking or blocked blood vessels using a special dye.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. At LJ Eye Institute, advanced retina care ensures effective and painless management.
- Laser Treatment (Photocoagulation): Used to seal or shrink abnormal blood vessels and prevent leakage.
- Intravitreal Injections: Anti-VEGF drugs are injected into the eye to reduce swelling and prevent new vessel growth.
- Vitrectomy Surgery: In severe cases, this surgery removes blood-filled vitreous and scar tissue to restore clear vision.
- Blood Sugar & Blood Pressure Control: Managing diabetes and hypertension is essential to stop progression and support recovery.
Prevention Tips
- Keep your blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure under control.
- Have a comprehensive eye exam every 6–12 months.
- Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Exercise regularly and take prescribed medications on time.
Why Choose J Eye Institute for Diabetic Retinopathy Care
LJ Eye Institute stands among the leading eye hospitals in North India for the diagnosis and treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. With a strong commitment to advanced retinal care, the institute combines world-class technology, experienced specialists, and compassionate patient support to deliver outstanding results.
1. Expert Retina Specialists: At LJEI, treatment is led by Dr. Ruchi Mittal, a highly qualified Vitreo-Retina Specialist with over 20 years of experience in managing diabetic eye diseases, retinal detachment, and macular disorders. Her expertise ensures accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment for every patient.
2. Advanced Diagnostic Technology: The hospital is equipped with the latest Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA), and Digital Fundus Photography systems. These tools help detect retinal damage at the earliest stage, even before symptoms appear.
3. Modern Treatment Facilities: LJEI offers state-of-the-art treatments, including Laser Photocoagulation, Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Injections, and Vitrectomy Surgery using advanced micro-incision systems for faster recovery and minimal discomfort.
4. Personalized Diabetes Eye Care: Every patient receives customized care based on the severity of their condition, diabetes duration, and overall health. The institute focuses on both vision restoration and long-term disease management.
5. Comprehensive Follow-Up & Counseling: The team provides continuous follow-up, guidance on blood sugar control, and lifestyle counseling to help patients maintain healthy vision and prevent recurrence.
6. Trusted by Thousands: With centers in Ambala and Patiala, LJEI is trusted by thousands of diabetic patients for its consistent results, transparent pricing, and patient-first approach.